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␈↓ α∧␈↓α␈↓ ∧TSupplementary Statement of John McCarthy

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTI␈α⊂would␈α⊃like␈α⊂to␈α⊂supplement␈α⊃the␈α⊂statement␈α⊂I␈α⊃am␈α⊂making␈α⊂on␈α⊃behalf␈α⊂of␈α⊂the␈α⊃Committee␈α⊂of
␈↓ α∧␈↓Concerned Scientists with a few remarks about the effectiveness of the kind of pressure proposed.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTThere␈αis␈αa␈α
natural␈αtendency␈αto␈αbelieve␈α
that␈αthis␈αpressure␈α
from␈αforeigners␈αcannot␈αbe␈α
effective
␈↓ α∧␈↓in␈α
making␈α
the␈α
Soviets␈α
respect␈α
the␈α
rights␈α∞of␈α
their␈α
own␈α
people.␈α
 The␈α
inconvenience␈α
to␈α∞the␈α
Soviets
␈↓ α∧␈↓seems␈α
insufficient␈αto␈α
make␈αany␈α
principled␈αgovernment␈α
alter␈α
or␈αmake␈α
exceptions␈αto␈α
its␈αpolicies.␈α
 But
␈↓ α∧␈↓obviously␈α∩it␈α∩has␈α∩often␈α∩been␈α∩very␈α∩effective␈α∩in␈α∩recent␈α∩years.␈α∩ My␈α∩own␈α∩experience␈α∩relates␈α∪to␈α∩a
␈↓ α∧␈↓successful␈α∂effort␈α∂to␈α∞get␈α∂Professor␈α∂Alexander␈α∞Lerner,␈α∂a␈α∂prominent␈α∞older␈α∂refusenik,␈α∂permission␈α∞to
␈↓ α∧␈↓take part in a panel at an international conference held in the Soviet Union.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTI␈αbelieve␈αthe␈αanswer␈αhas␈αtwo␈αparts.␈α First,␈αthe␈αSoviet␈αGovernment␈αis␈αnot␈αself␈αrespecting.␈α Its
␈↓ α∧␈↓actions␈α
are␈αbased␈α
on␈αslogans␈α
that␈αalmost␈α
everyone␈αknows␈α
are␈αfictitious␈α
cover-ups␈αof␈α
base␈αdesires␈α
to
␈↓ α∧␈↓maintain␈αpower␈αand␈αprivilege.␈α Many␈αwho␈αrepeat␈αthe␈αslogans␈αwill␈αcontravene␈αthem␈αin␈αa␈αminute␈αif
␈↓ α∧␈↓there␈α
is␈α
something␈α
personal␈α
to␈α
be␈α
gained.␈α
 Second,␈α
many␈α
Soviets␈α
in␈α
many␈α
positions,␈α∞who␈α
believe
␈↓ α∧␈↓that␈αthe␈αdissidents␈αare␈αbeing␈αtreated␈αunfairly,␈αwill␈αemphasize␈αthe␈αadvantages␈αof␈αaccomodating␈αthe
␈↓ α∧␈↓foreigners␈αin␈αparticular␈αinstances.␈α Third,␈αthe␈αpeople␈αwho␈αintercept␈αthe␈αmail␈αoften␈αsteal␈αbooks␈αand
␈↓ α∧␈↓magazines␈α∞of␈α∞value␈α∞and␈α∞sell␈α
them␈α∞on␈α∞the␈α∞black␈α∞market␈α
(The␈α∞␈↓↓New␈α∞York␈α∞Times␈α∞Magazine␈↓␈α∞had␈α
a
␈↓ α∧␈↓recent␈α
article␈α∞about␈α
such␈α
theft)␈α∞and␈α
will␈α
often␈α∞make␈α
particular␈α
problems␈α∞moot␈α
in␈α
order␈α∞to␈α
avoid
␈↓ α∧␈↓exposure.␈α∞ Fourth,␈α∞besides␈α∞humanitarian␈α∞sentiments␈α∞there␈α∞are␈α∞strong␈α∞legalistic␈α∂sentiments␈α∞among
␈↓ α∧␈↓Russians␈α∩made␈α∩nervous␈α∩by␈α∩unpredictable␈α⊃and␈α∩capricious␈α∩decisions␈α∩of␈α∩anonymous␈α⊃Communist
␈↓ α∧␈↓Party and KGB officials.  These people like to see Soviet law obeyed.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTThis␈α
view␈α
of␈α
it␈α
suggests␈α
several␈α
additional␈α
measures.␈α
 First,␈α
the␈α
U.S.␈α
Post␈α
Office␈α
should␈α
raise
␈↓ α∧␈↓the␈αissue␈αof␈αtheft␈αof␈αthe␈αmail␈αwith␈αthe␈αSoviet␈αpostal␈αauthorities.␈α Second,␈αwhen␈αa␈αmagazine␈αis␈αnot
␈↓ α∧␈↓delivered␈α⊂a␈α⊂statement␈α⊂should␈α∂be␈α⊂demanded␈α⊂of␈α⊂what␈α⊂was␈α∂unacceptable␈α⊂about␈α⊂it,␈α⊂and␈α⊂its␈α∂return
␈↓ α∧␈↓should␈α⊃be␈α⊃demanded.␈α⊃ This␈α⊂will␈α⊃annoy␈α⊃the␈α⊃thieves.␈α⊃ Third,␈α⊂some␈α⊃kind␈α⊃of␈α⊃retaliation␈α⊃in␈α⊂kind
␈↓ α∧␈↓against␈α↔Soviet␈α↔propaganda␈α↔organizations␈α↔in␈α↔the␈α↔United␈α↔States␈α↔should␈α↔be␈α↔threatened␈α⊗and
␈↓ α∧␈↓considered,␈α⊂e.g.␈α⊂the␈α⊂magazine␈α⊂␈↓↓Soviet␈α⊂Life␈↓␈α⊃and␈α⊂(say)␈α⊂the␈α⊂Four␈α⊂Continent␈α⊂Book␈α⊃Company.␈α⊂ The
␈↓ α∧␈↓action should be frankly retaliatory and not based on finding the propaganda itself improper.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTThe␈α↔many␈α⊗thousands␈α↔Russian␈α↔exiles␈α⊗in␈α↔the␈α↔United␈α⊗States␈α↔undoubtedly␈α↔have␈α⊗much
␈↓ α∧␈↓information relevant to determining where pressure can most effectively be applied.
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTJohn McCarthy
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTProfessor of Computer Science
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTStanford University
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTStanford, California 94305